| c.300 | OLD IRANIAN language period from 600, superceded by MIDDLE IRANIAN language period (aka Pahlavi) until 700CE. | 400 wikIL 300 IDB 3-740, wikOP |
| c.298 | SELEUCUS, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, at Rhosus Syria, makes alliance with DEMETRIUS-I, marries his dau, STRATONICE. | 298 B76 16-503 no date: B76 8-378 |
| c.292 | SELEUCUS, king of Babylonia 305, ruler of Syria 301-281, makes son ANTIOCHUS-I co-king and gives him the eastern empire from the Euphrates to the Indian Ocean plus his own wife Stratonice-I, on whom Antiochus had developed a crush. Seleucus takes everything west of the Euphrates. | 294 CAH 7.1 294/3 lvA1 293 DGRBM 3-772, MCAW 293/2 CDCC 804, OCD 71 292 lvS1 |
| c.261 | ANTIOCHUS-I Soter, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 281-61 killed fighting Celts in Galatia. ANTIOCHUS-II Theos succeeds until 246. | 262 Dur 2-555 261 B76 8-380, 11-989, IDB 1-149, OHG, KoP, wikP |
| c.250 | The PARNI (1 of the 3 tribes of the Dahae confederacy) penetrate into the Astauene north of Hyrcania, probably in the Atrek river valley. | 250 eiArs |
| c.250 | ARSACES-I becomes chief of PARNI tribe in Asaak (location unknown) until 248. ARSACID Dynasty of Parthia begins until 224CE. | 255 TToH pre-250 B76 I-543, CAH 9-613, ISBE 1-299, RAI2, RAI3, hifiE 250 GHH, caisAD, hifiP, wikPE, wkbEA 247 B76 I-543, TAWH 17, eiArs |
| c.250 | Pahlavi script 1st attested during reign of Arsaces-I on Parthian coins. | 250 wikPlv |
| c.248 | ARSACES-I dies. Chief of the Parni from 250, speared to death. Bro TIRIDATES-I succeeds as Arsaces-II until 211, independent until 245. | 248 B76 I-543, CAH 9-613, GHH, RAI2, RAI3 RPar 50 247 OCD 123, TAWH 70, wikLPK, wikP, wikPE, wkbEA 217-11 B76 9-841 |
| It is unclear who immediately succeeded Arsaces-I, or when. Possibly his bro Tiridates-I, who is succeeded by his son Arsaces-II in 211. Possibly Arsaces-II, but not until 211. 2 distinct royal chronologies are accepted by historians. | 248 wikPE 217 wikArs1 |
| c.247 |  Seleucid governor of Persia murdered by the Parni, who set up the kingdom of PARTHIA, which is independent until 245, and lasts until 224CE. Why the Arsacid court retroactively chose 247 as the first year of the Arsacid era is unknown. |
Map Ali Zifan 250 Dur 2-556, ISBE 3-671 248/7 CAH 8-394 247 B76 VII-774, Dur 2-578, frH, KoP, wikPE, wikPr |
| c.247 | ADIABENE between Upper and Lower Zab rivers becomes a vassal kingdom of PARTHIA until 224CE. | 247 B76 I-89 |
| c.246 | ANTIOCHUS-II Theos dies. Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia from 261. Son by 1st wife Laodice, SELEUCUS-II Callinicus succeeds until 226. | 247 Dur 2-556 246 B76 8-380, Jud 3-73, LEWH 93, OCD 72, RAI2, RAI3, caisAD, KoP, wikP |
| c.245 | PARTHAVA, independent kingdom from 247, submits to Seleucus-II Callinicus. ANDRAGORAS becomes satrap of Parthava until 238. | 256 hifiP 245 RPar 52 |
| c.245 | ANDRAGORAS, Seleucid satrap of Parthava, rebels against Seleucus-II Callinicus. | 256 hifiP 245 B76 9-840, caisAD, eiArs, lvS2, lvTSW, wikPE |
| c.243 | SELEUCUS-II Callinicus king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26 withdraws troops from eastern provinces. | 243 RPar 53 |
| c.238 | TIRIDATES-I, chief of the Parni 248-11, migrates west from Bactria into Hyrcania, overrun the Astavene district. | 238 B76 8-380, 9-840, OHG 367, lvS2, wikArs1 |
| c.238 | ANDRAGORAS, independent satrap of Hyrcania from 245, killed by the Parni. | 238 B76 I-359, hifiE, hifiP, wikArs1, wikPE |
| c.238 | HYRCANIA comes under Parthia until 232/1. | 243 ISBE 1-299 238 eiArs |
| c.238 | ASTAVENE district occupied by Parthians until 232/1. | 238 wikPE |
| c.237 | SELEUCUS-II Callinicus king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, goes from Syria to Persia. Allied with Diodotus king of Bactria, he invades Parthia. | 238 GHH 237 wkbEA |
| c.237 | DIODOTUS king of Bactria, defects to Parthians. | 238 eiArs 237 wkbEA |
| c.237 | SELEUCUS-II defeated by Parthians, Bactrians, and Central Asian Aspasiacae. | 237 wkbEA |
| c.237 | SELEUCUS-II, in in Parthia 237, returns to Mesopotamia until 232/1. | 237 RPar 56 |
| c.235 | Parni leader Tiridates settles in Parthia (southeast Hyrcania). | 235 lvS2, wikPE |
| c. 232/1 | SELEUCUS-II Callinicus king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, in Mesopotamia from 237, goes to Hyrcania. | 232/1 guess |
| c.232/1 | TIRIDATES-I, chief of the Parni 248-11, in Hyrcania from 238, retreats north from Seleucus-II. Hyrcania under Seleucus-II until 228. | 232/1 B76 9-841 230 wikArs1 |
| c.232/1 | HYRCANIA, under Parthia from 238, comes under Seleucus-II until 228. | 232/1 B76 9-841 |
| c.232/1 | SELEUCUS-II Callinicus, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, goes from Hyrcania to Bactria, in Asia until 230. | 232/1 B76 9-841 |
| c.230 | SELEUCUS-II Callinicus, Seleucid king of Syria / Babylonia 246-26, in Asia from 232/1, returns to Parthia tries to suppress rebellion until 227. | 230 bk, lvS2, wikArs1 |
| c.228 | HYRCANIA, under Seleucids from 232/1 recovered by the Parni. | 230-27 lvS2 |
| c.227 | SELEUCUS-II Callinicus, in Parthia from 230, learns of Hierax rebellion in Mesopotamia, returns to Mesopotamia. | 227 DHA 91 |
| c.226 | 1st son of Antiochus-II + Laodice-I , SELEUCUS-II Callinicus dies. King of Syria / Babylonia from 246, in Syria, dies of a fall from his horse. Son by Laodice-II, SELEUCUS-III Soter succeeds until 223. | 226 Dur 2-556, IDB 4-267, LEWH 93, RAI2, RAI3, anan, bk, caisAD, hifiSl 226/5 CAH 7.1, CDCC 803 225 B76 8-380, KoP, lvS2, wikP |
| c.223 | Son of S-II, SELEUCUS-III Soter dies. king of Syria / Babylonia from 226 murdered. Bro ANTIOCHUS-III Megas succeeds until 187. | 223 B76 1-825, 993, 8-380, Dur 2-556, IDB 1-149, 4-267, Jud 3-73, OCD 72, OHG, KoP, wikP 222 RAI3 |
| c.223 | MOLON put in charge of Media, and his bro ALEXANDER put in charge of Persis by Antiochus-III Megas until 222. | 224 DGRBM 1-122 223 CAH 7.1-434, wikAl |
| c.222 | Brothers MOLON and ALEXANDER, Seleucid governors of Media and Persis, rebel against Antiochus-III, then on campaign against Ptolemaic Syria. | 222 B76 1-993, CAH 7.1-434, GHH 221 BHS 1-301 |
| 222/1 | MOLON winters at Ctesiphon. | 221/0 BHS 1-303-4 |
| c.221 | MOLON dies. Seleucid governor of Media from 223, rebelling from 222, deserted by troops, conquered by Antiochus-III king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 on east bank of Tigris. Molon suicides out. All leaders of the rebellion surrender. One of them escapes to Persis, kills Molon's mother and children, persuades ALEXANDER ruler of Persis to suicide, and then kills himself on the bodies of his friends. | 221 CAH 7.1, LEWH 93 220 B76 1-993, DGRBM 1-123, GHH, wikAl, wikMl |
| c.220 | ATROPATENE (northwest Media), independent under Artabarzanes from ?, conquered by army of Antiochus-III, becomes a Seleucid province. | 220 B76 1-993, DGRBM 1-196 |
| c.220 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, returns west, learns of insurrection of Achaeus in Anatolia. | 220 CAH 7.1-434 |
| c.220 | HERMIAS, advisor of Antiochus-III from 223, executed by him. ZEUXIS succeeds until ?. | 220 B76 1-993, wikA3 |
| c.220 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187, in Persia from ?, returns to Media. | 220 B76 1-993, wikA3 |
| c.211 | (Arsaces-II) TIRIDATES-I dies. 1st Arsacid king of Parthia from 248, dies peacefully. Son ARTABANUS-I succeeds as ARSACES-III until 191. | 217-11 B76 9-841 212 RPar 58, wkbEA 212 LEWH 95, TAWH 70 211 B76 I-548, GHH, RAI2, RAI3, hifiE, hifiP, KoP, wikLPK, wikP, wikPE, 210 CAH 8-140, 9-613 210/9 OCD 123 |
| c.211 | ARTABANUS-I, 2nd Arsacid king of Parthia 211-191, declares war on Antiochus-III Megas. Invades Media as far as Ecbatana, takes Ecbatana. | 214 RPar 59, wkbEA |
| c.211 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 with 100,000 inf and 20,000 cav, marches from Mesopotamia into Media, recovers Ecbatana without battle, begins recovery of east provinces until 204. | 213 RPar 59 209 wikPE, |
| c.210 | Temple of Bel in Elam pillaged by ANTIOCHUS-III Megas. | 209 CAH 7.1-197 |
| c.209 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 at Ecbatana proclaims eldest son ANTIOCHUS-IV, age 11, co-king. | 209 CAH 8-140, wikA3 |
| c.209 | ANTIOCHUS-III reaches Media, which is still governed by the Diogenes who had replaced Molon. | 209 BHS 2-17 |
| c.209 | ARTABANUS-I, Arsacid king of Parthia 211-191, is attacked by Antiochus-III. | 209 B76 I-548 |
| c.209 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 chases Artabanus-I into Hyrcania. | 210 DGRBM 1-1020 209/8 BHS 2-21 |
| c.209 | ANTIOCHUS-III marches east against Parthia. In east until 205/4. | 209 CAH 8-140, caisAD, eiArs, wikA3 |
| c.209 | ARTABANUS-I, Arsacid king of Parthia 211-191, defeated and subordinated by ANTIOCHUS-III king of Syria / Babylonia. | 209 B76 1-993, CAH 8-141, LEWH 95 |
| c.209 | HECATOMPYLOS, southeast of Caspian Sea, capital of Parthia, taken without battle and occupied by ANTIOCHUS-III. | 209 B76 I-548, wikA3 no date: B76 1-993, BHS 2-19, RPar 60 |
| c.209 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 marches from Parthia into Hyrcania. | 209 wikA3 209/8 BHS 2-21 |
| c.209 | ANTIOCHUS-III moves to Tagae, learns from the natives the difficulties of a march thru the mountains, but decides to anyway, having with him Cretans and Aetolians accustomed to mountain warfare. | no date: BHS 2-19 |
| c.209 | TAMBRACA Hyrcania occupied by ANTIOCHUS-III. It was unfortified, and the inhabitants, after Antiochus' victory on the pass of Labus mostly flee to Sirynca. | no date: BHS 2-20 |
| c.209 | SIRYNCA Hyrcania besieged and taken by ANTIOCHUS-III. | no date: B76 I-548, BHS 2-20 |
| c.208 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 marches east from Hyrcania into Bactria. In Asia until 205. | 209 wikA3 208 B76 8-380, 9-841, CAH 8-141, 397, HCIP 2-104 |
A chronology problem exists in the Seleucid withdrawal from Bactria and Parthia. A "high" chronology, places at least the initial stage of the separation in the reign of Antiochus-II, and a "low" chronology, transfers these events to the period of the "War of the Brothers" between Seleucus-II and Hierax, 240/39-237. CAH 7.1-213
| c.206 | East HYRCANIA is left under Parthia. | no date: RPar 61 |
 Seleucid Empire c.206. Map Talessman |
| c.206/5 | ANTIOCHUS-III Megas king of Syria / Babylonia 223-187 winters in Carmania. | 206/5 BHS 2-23 |
| c.205 | ANTIOCHUS-III marches west from Carmania into Persia, receives Magnesian envoys asking him to recognize the festival of Artemis Leucophryene. | 205 B76 1-993, CAH 8-142 |
| c.205 | ANTIOCHUS-III in east from 209, sails from Persia, across Gulf of Arabia to Mesopotamia. | 205 CAH 8-142 205/4 CAH 7.1-215 |
Persia 200-101
V