| c.1000 | SAHARAN DESSICATION is completed. | 1000 wikBP |
| c.950 | MOROCCO on northwest coast colonized by Phoenicians. | 950 TToH 6 |
| c.950 | CAMELS: Domestic dromedary, in Sahara from ?, disappears until invasion of Cambyses 525. (See Levant 1000, Levant 853) | 950 zwf |
| c.900 | MANDE civilization in west Africa begins. Peaks 600. | 900 wikMnd |
| c.814 | ELISA (Dido) of Tyre, with Tyrians and 80 cult prostitutes, sail from Cyprus to Libya. Bargain with Utica for as much land as can be covered by an ox hide. Cuts the hide into thin strips and surrounds the hill of Byrsa that will become Carthage. | 869 GHH 814 B76 17-944, LEWH 48, MWΦ 114, TTT, hifiC, wikMC |
| c.814 | CARTHAGE founded (traditional date) by ELISSA of Tyre. | 850 IDB 3-803 814 CAH 3.1, MWΦ 17, OCD 208, RAI2 223, TAWH 16, WPOT 268 813 Dur III-39, TToH 7 |
| c.800 | CARTHAGE, a colony of Tyre from 814, goes independent. | 800 SHWC 106 574 hifiC |
| c.800 | PHOENICIANS exploit silver mines of Spain and Africa. | 800 B76 II-598 |
| c.750 | CARTHAGE founded (despite traditional date of 814) by ELISSA of Tyre. 1st archaeologial evidence. | 750 PW 15 |
| c.700 | West Africa: further climatic deterioration begins. | 700 mxfld |
| c.630 | CYRENE founded by the Minyae tribe from Thera Island under chief Battos, who rules until 600. | 640 DGRBM 1-476 639 GHH 632 B76 III-329, 8-332, CAH 3.3-160, 7.2, GRG 325, rcNA 631 DGRBM, DGRG 1-733-4, GHH 630 B76 13-149, CAH 4-109, Dur 2-173, ISBE 1-844, LEWH 62, MCAW 72, OCD 94, 265, 307, OHG, Shaw 374, lvG, wikC founded by Sparta: mxfld |
| BATTAID DYNASTY of CYRENE begins until 440. |
| c.600 | MANDE civilization in West Africa from 900, peaks until beginning of decline 300. | 600 wikMnd |
| c.600 | EUESPERIDES Libya founded by Greeks. | 600 CDCC 332 |
| c.600 | BATTOS-I 1st Greek king of Cyrene from 630 dies. Son ARCESILAOS-I succeeds to 583. | 600 rcNA, wikC 599 DGRBM 1-476, lvG 591 DGRBM, OCD 94 |
| c.600 | VOYAGE AROUND AFRICA commissioned by Neco-II using Phoenician sailors. Starts at Ezion-Geber and sails clockwise around Africa, arriving back in Egypt 3 years later. | Herodotus 4-42 BAR Jul-Aug 1979 vol V #4 610 GHH 600 WPOT 277, TTS, TTT |
| c.583 | ARCESILAOS-I 2nd Greek king of Cyrene from 600 dies. Son BATTOS-II succeeds to 560. | 583 DGRBM 1-476, lvG, rcNA, wikC 575 DGRBM, OCD 94 |
| c.580 | HANNO-I becomes Magonid honcho of Carthage until 556. | 580 hifiC, rcNA, wikMC |
| c.571 | Many Dorian Greeks move to CYRENE at invitation of Greeks already there. | 571 Shaw 374 |
| c.570 | Libyans of Cyrene appeal to pharaoh APRIES for help against Greeks. Apries sends a large mercenary force that is disastrously defeated at the well of Thestis in Irasa. | 571 Shaw 374 570 CAH 4-109-11, DGRBM 1-476, Grim 363, OCD 307, lvG |
| c.560 | BATTOS-II 3rd Greek king of Cyrene from 583 dies. Son ARCESILAUS-II succeeds to 550. | 560 lvG, wikC 554 rcNA no date: DGRBM 1-476, OCD 94 |
| c.556 | HANNO-I Magonid honcho of Carthage from 580, ends. MALCHUS succeeds until 550. | 556 hifiC, rcNA, wikMC |
| c.554 | Perseus, Zacynthus, Aristomedon, and Lycus, renounce allegiance to bro of Arcesilaus-II, Greek king of Cyrene, persuade local Libyans to join them in rebellion. | 554 DGRG 1-377 |
| c.554 | BARCA Cyrenaica founded by Greek brothers Perseus, Zacynthus, Aristomedon, and Lycus. | 560-50 CAH 3.3-160 554 DGRG 1-377 |
| c.550 | MALCHUS, general of Carthage, banished from Carthage because of defeat by Sardinia. Besieges and takes Carthage. | 550 MWP 118 |
| c.550 | MALCHUS, general of Carthage, killed for aspiring to tyranny. MAGO succeeds as ruler until 530. Magonid dynasty rules until 340. | 550 OCD 641, hifiC, rcNA, wikMag, wikMC no date: MWP 118 |
| c.550 | ARCESILAOS-II, son of Battos-II, 4th Greek king of Cyrene from 560 strangled by bro Learchus, who usurps throne. Queen Eryxo retaliates. Learchus is murdered. Son of Arcesilaos & Eryxo, BATTOS-III the Lame succeeds to 530. | 550 lvG, rcNA, wikC 550 or 44 DGRBM 1-476 |
| c.540 | MAGO, Magonid ruler of Carthage 550-30, reorganizes army from citizen levy to mercenary force. | no date: OCD 640 |
| c.539 | Phoenicians fleeing from Persians emigrate to the colonies, especially Carthage. | 539 hifiC |
| c.530 | MAGO, Magonid ruler of Carthage from 550, ends. Son HASDRUBAL-I succeeds to 510. | 530 wikMag, wikMC 520 OCD 640 510 rcNA |
| c.530 | BATTOS-III the Lame, 5th Greek king of Cyrene from 550 ends. ARCESILAOS-III succeeds to 515. | 530 lvG, wikC 530-29 DGRBM 1-477 525 rcNA |
| c.529/8 | ARCESILAOS-III king of Cyrene 530-15, driven from Cyrene. His mom Pheretima flees to court of Evelthon, king of Salamis Cyprus. | post-529/8 DGRBM 2-83 |
| c.525 | LIBYA and CYRENE submit to Cambyses-II. CYRENE under Persia until 476. | 525 B76 III-329, 13-149, CAH 4-20, OCD 307, rcNA |
| c.525 | CAMBYSES-II king of Medo-Persia 529-22, marches west, intending to take Carthage, stopped by sandstorm, turns back. Phoenician sailors refuse to fight. | 525 CAH 4-21 523 DGRG 1-533 |
| c.525 | ARCESILAOS-III 6th Greek king of Cyrene 530-15 pays tribute to Cambyses-II. | 525 DGRBM 1-477 |
| c.520 | 30,000 Carthaginians under Admiral HANNO in a fleet of 60 ships sail to west coast of Africa at Rio de Oro in the western Sahara. Describes gorillas. Colony survives 50 years. | 520 TTPC, mxfld 500-491 TTS |
| c.520 | CARTHAGE detatches itself politically from TYRE. | 520 IDB 4-723 |
| c.518 | ARCESILAOS-III 6th Greek king of Cyrene 530-15 expelled by opposition, goes to Samos, recruits army. | 518 lvG |
| c.516 | ARCESILAOS-III 6th Greek king of Cyrene 530-15 returns to Cyrene, recovers his land, but ultimately flees to his father-in-law, Libyan king Alazeir of Barca. | no date: lvG |
| c.515 | ARCESILAOS-III 6th Greek king of Cyrene from 530 murdered (along with cousin ALAZIR king of Barca between Euesperides & Cyrene). BATTOS-IV the Fair succeeds to 465, no longer ruler of an independent kingdom, but a puppet of Persians. | post-522 OCD 94 515 lvG, rcNA, wikC 514 DGRBM 1-477 510 CAH 4-110 |
| c.515 | Persians in Egypt advance as far west as Greek city of EUESPERIDES Libya. | 515 CDCC 332, wikBng |
| c.514 | DORIEUS, half bro of Cleomenes-I of Sparta, begins western expedition to Cinyps River on coast of N. Libya until 512. | 515/4 lvG 514 GRG 211 post-515 B76 8-332 513 CAH 7.2-525 no date: OCD 363 |
| c.514 | DORIEUS, at Cinyps River on coast of N. Africa from 514, expelled by Libyan natives, aided by Carthaginian troops. | 514 GRG 211 513 CAH 4-112 no date: B76 8-332, OCD 363 |
| c.512 | BARCA between Euesperides & Cyrene captured by Persians. | 512 DGRBM 1-477 |
| c.510 | HASDRUBAL-I, Magonid ruler of Carthage from 530, ends. HAMILCAR-I succeeds to 480. | 510 wikMag, wikMC, wikHam1 499 rcNA |
| c.510 | MAGO-I, Magonid ruler of Carthage from 550, ends. HASDRUBAL succeeds to 499. | 510 hifiC |
| c.510 | The RIF, a 290km long mountain range in north Morocco, comes under Carthage until 202. | 510 rcNA |
| c.510 | SFAX, port city on central Tunisian coast, opposite Kerkennah Islands, comes under Carthage until 146. | 510 rcNA |
| c.510 | DJERBA island in Gulf of Gades comes under Carthage until 201. | 510 rcNA |
| c.508 | CARTHAGE / ROME 1st treaty V: Rome to stay out of Sardinia, west Mediterranean, and Africa, except in maritime emergencies. Carthage to stay out of Latium. | 510 MWΦ 233 509 mxfld 508 B76 13-149, Dur 3-43, GHH, LEWH 83, MWΦ 208, OCD 208 506 OCD 703 |
North Africa 500-301
V