The land we call Syria is abbreviated from Assyria because the name stuck after Assyria fell in 612. It is arbitrarily called Aram here because the Torah calls it Aram even before the Arameans arrived.
| c.1000 | NEO-HITTITE KINGDOM begins until 709 centered at CARCHEMISH until 849. Pays tribute to Aramean states. | 1000 MCAW 56 |
| c.1000 | ARAMEAN racial movement, which had caused much dislocation in Mesopotamia, begins to lose momentum. Tribes consolidate into small states. | 1000 Sag1 91 |
| c.1000 | OXEN, exclusively used for heavy transport until now when CAMELS are added. | 1000 SHT 1-719-20 |
| c.973 | Son of Ashurnasirpal-I, ASHUR-RABI-II ends. King of Assyria from 1013. Son ASHUR-RESHISHI-II succeeds to 967. | 991 Sdl 3-212 973 RAI3, frM, kidA, hifi 972 absA, lexA 970 RAI2, Sag |
| c.967 | Son of Ashur-rabi-II, ASHUR-RESHISHI-II ends. king of Assyria from 973. Son TIGLATH-PILESER-II succeeds to 935. | 968 hifi
967 MRDK, RAI3, absA, frM, kidA, lexA 966 RAI2, Sag, WPOT 138 |
| c.960 | TADMOR (Palmyra) in desert east of Kadesh, independent from ?, comes under Israel until 928. | 960 rcS |
| c.935 | Son of Ashur-resha-ishi-II, TIGLATH-PILESER-II ends. King of Assyria from 967. Son ASHUR-DAN-II succeeds to 912. | 935 MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.928 | TADMOR (Palmyra) in central Aram, under Israel from 960, no longer under Israel. It follows roughly same chronology as Damascus until 30. | 928 rcS |
| c.920 | SAMAL in Amanus Mts. taken over by Arameans. GABBAR becomes king until ?. | 920 B76 1-821, CAH 3.1 |
| c.912 | Son of T-P-II, ASHUR-DAN-II, ends. King of Assyria from 935. Son ADAD-NIRARI-II succeeds to 891. | 912 B76 11-982, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, WPOT 138, 158, absA, frM, kidA, lexA 911 MRDK, hifi 910 Sdl 4-79 |
| c.912 | MIDDLE ASSYRIAN Period ends. Began 1393. NEO ASSYRIAN Period begins to 612. Nineveh is capital until 879. |
912 absA 911 WPOT, frM, hifi, kidA, wikA |
| c.901 | NISIBIS (Nashibina), an Aramean city-state 1100-896, 1st mentioned in Assyrian records. | 901 wikNsb |
| c.900 | Assyrians, having IRON from 1270, finally start making weapons with it. | 900 TTT |
| c.900 | HARAN, under Arameans from 1600, comes under Assyria until 610. | 900 rcT |
| c.900 | HALAP (Aleppo), under Arameans from 1200, comes under Assyria until 609. | 900 rcS |
| c.900 | NAKHCHIVAN, a city between Armenia and Persia, comes under Urartu until 612. | 900 rcCau |
| c.896 | NISIBIS (Nashibina), an Aramean city-state from 1100, captured by Adad-Nirari-II, under Assyria until 608, but not annexed until 852. | 896 wikNsb |
| c.891 | Son of Ashur-Dan-II, ADAD-NIRARI-II ends. King of Assyria from 912. Son TUKULTI-NINURTA-II succeeds to 884. | 911 WPOT 891 B76 11-982, RAI2, RAI3, absA, frM, kidA, lexA 890 B76 X-173, MRDK, Sag 889 ISBE 4-444, Sdl 4-79, hifi |
| c.889 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, begins Annals until 884. | 889 SHT 1-251 |
| c.888 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, king of Assyria 891-84, deals with mountain region east of Assyria. Secures area between upper & lower Zab River. | 886 Sag1 95 |
| c.888 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, king of Assyria 891-84, fighting Nairi country southwest of Lake Van from 890, subjugates king of Nairi, makes him a vassal. | 886 Sag1 95 |
| c.888 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, king of Assyria 891-84, deals with mountain region east of Assyria. Secures area between Upper & Lower Zab Rivers. | 886 Sag1 95 |
| c.888 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II marches south on east side of Tigris against NABU-SHUM-UKIN-I, king of Babylon, who is too weak to inspire Babylonian support. | 885 Sag1 95 |
| c.884 | Son of Adad-Nirari-II, TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, ends. King of Assyria from 891, ends. Son ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II succeeds to 859. | 891 WPOT 889 MCAW: 58 884 B76 X-173, 11-982, ISBE 4-444, LEWH 47, MRDK, MWΦ 15, RAH 99, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-80, SOTS 165, WPOT 119, absA, hifi, lexA 883 B76 I-582, HCC, frM, kidA |
| c.881 | ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II, king of Assyria 884-59, expedition to Erbil (Arbela) until 880. | 881 B76 I-582 |
| c.879 | CAPITAL of Assyria: NINEVEH from 912, moved to CALAH until 710. | 880 PW 15 879 B76 1-821, Sag1 97, Sag2 96 |
| c.879 | Tribes of Kashiari Hills, under Assyria from ?, rebel. | 879 B76 1-582 |
| c.876 | ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II, king of Assyria 884-59, defeats Phoenician and Hittite alliance at Carchemish, takes Carchemish, invades Aram to the coast, all without resistance. Receives tribute from Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, Makhalata, Kaisa, Amurru, Arvad. He builds a fortress at Haran from which to administrate the country. | 876 B76 17-942, 944, IDB 4-344, MCAW 58 875 MWΦ 16 no date PANE1 188 |
| c.875 | AKHUNI becomes king of Bit-Adini until 856. | 875 CAH 3.1 |
| c.870 | ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II, king of Assyria 884-59, campaigns in north Aram. | 870 IDB 1-62 |
| c.870 | SANGARA becomes Neo-Hittite king of Carchemish until 849. | 870 CAH 3.1, rcS |
| c.866 | ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II, king of Assyria 884-59, defeats insurgents of Kashiari Hills in Lake Van area. | 866 Sag1 97 |
| c.863 |  1st recorded SIEGE TOWER on wheels used by Ashur-Nasirpal-II. Diagram is from a relief at Nimrud. |
865 blp 865-60 wikST |
| c.860 | URARTU, centered around Lakes Van and Urmia, becomes a kingdom in order to resist Assyrian invasions. ARAME becomes 1st known king of Urartu until 840, capital at Arzashku. Lasts until 609. | 900 PW 15 880 MRDK 860 LEWH 51, frN, hystn, rcT, wikU 858 CAH 3.1, wikKU, wikU 850 RAI3 800 mxfld |
| c.859 | Son of Tukulti-Ninurta-II, ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II dies. King of Assyria from 884. Son SHALMANEZER-III succeeds to 824. | 860 DHJ 181, LEWH 47 859 B76 I-582, 11-983, 18-1039, BI+N 47, CAH 3.1, FLAP 170, HCC, IDB 1-272, ISBE 4-444, MCAW 58, MRDK, MWΦ 15, RAH 99, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-80, SOTS 165, WPOT 119, 138, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.858 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, expedition to Mediterranean unopposed. | 858 FLAP 171, Sag1 97 854 DHJ 181 |
| c.858 | SHALMANEZER-III, attacks Aramean/Hittite coalition: Samal, Hattina, Carchemish, Bit-Adini (already a tributary) at Lutibi in Samal. Defeats KHAYAN, son of Gabbar, king of Samal, AKHUNI of Bit Adini, Hittite kings of Carchemish and Khattina. | 858 LEWH 33, 47, Sag |
| c.858 | KHAYAN, son of Gabbar, becomes king of Samal until 853. | 858 CAH 3.1 |
| c.858 | ARAME becomes king of Arpad until 834. | 858 CAH 3.1 |
| c.858 | ARAME king of Arpad breaks from Aramean coalition and pays tribute to Shalmanezer-III. | 858 Jud 3-497 |
| c.857 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, writes Annals . | 857 WPOT 141 |
| c.856 | TIL-BARSIP (south of Carchemish), capital of BIT-ADINI, taken by Shalmanezer-III. AKHUNI, king of Bit-Adini from 875, ends. Bit-Adini is under Assyria until ?. Population is deported and replaced with Assyrians. Name changed to KAR-SHULMANASHARED. | 856 IDB 1-193, RAI2 245 855 CAH 3.1, WPOT 138 |
| c.856 | AMIDA taken by Shalmanezer-III, used as base for a campaign against Urartu. | 856 lvA no date: wikU |
| 856/5 | BIT ADINI conquered by Shalmanezer-III, absorbed into Assyria. | 856/5 wikBA |
| c.856 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, defeats ARAME, king of Urartu. Destroys capital ARZASHKU. | 856 B76 18-1039 no date: wikU |
| c.855 | CHALDEANS revolt against pro-Assyrian king of Babylon Nabu-Apla-Iddina. | 855 guess |
| c.853 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, crosses Tigris, kills Giammu on the Balih (Haran) River, enters Sahala, and Tilshaturahi, approaches Kar-Shulmanashared, returns to Assyria. | yr 6 PANE1 189 |
| c.853 | SHALMANEZER-III, crosses Euphrates, receives tribute from Carchemish, Commagene, Gurgum, Gusi, Melitene, Hattina, goes to Halap, receives more tribute. | yr 6 PANE1 190 |
| c.853 | KHAYAN, king of Samal from 858, ends. | 853 CAH 3.1 |
| 853 | SHALMANEZER-III, goes from Halap south to Hamath, receives more tribute, takes Adenu, Barga, Aragna, receives more tribute, burns palaces. | yr 6 PANE1 190 |
| c.853 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, returns from Levant to Assyria. | 853 implied |
| c.853 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, boasts of a great victory at Qarqar, but stays out of the west until 848, and stops advancing into Levant until 841. | 853 B76 17-942, RAI2, MNHK |
| c.852 | NISIBIS (Nashibina), under Assyria from 896, annexed to Assyria until 608. | by 852 wikNsb |
| c.851 | Hostilities break out in Babylon between king MARDUK-ZAKIR-SHUMI-I and his bro MARDUK-BEL-USATE backed by Arameans. Marduk-Zakir-Shumi asks Assyrians for help. | 851 B76 11-983, RAI2 247 |
| c.850 | MARDUK-ZAKIR-SHUMI-I king of Babylon, backed by Assyrians, defeats bro MARDUK-BEL-USATE backed by Arameans. | 850 B76 11-983 |
| c.849 | SANGARA, Neo-Hittite king of Carchemish from 870, ends. | 848 CAH 3.1 |
| c.849 | CARCHEMISH, Neo-Hittite capital from 1000, last nominally independent state on upper Euphrates, subjugated by Shalmanezer-III. Vassal of Assyria until 717. | 870 rcS 849 Sag1 98 |
| c.849 | URARTU attacked by Shalmanezer-III. | 849 bk |
| c.848 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, attacks Aram. | 848 IDB 1-62, Sdl 4-98 |
| c.845 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, attacks Aram again with a stronger army. | 845 Sdl 4-99 |
 Balawat Gates replica photo Slfitzpa |
 Bronze band, photo Jononmac46 |
| c.845 | BALAWAT GATES built by Shalmanezer-III at an outpost between Nineveh and Calah. 3 sets of 2 gates each made of vertical wood planks held together by 16 horizontal bronze bands 1.6mm thick. The gates are tapered toward the top to look taller, and are obviously not meant to withstand attack. The 8 bands on each gate are embossed with decorations commemorating his campaigns, receiving tribute, and hunting of lions and bulls. | 845 B76 11-1096 no date: wikBG |
| c.844 | URARTU: Many settlements destroyed by Shalmanezer-III. | 844 B76 18-1039 |
| 841 exact | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, (in 18th year) attacks Aram, defeats HAZAEL at Mt. Hermon, receives tribute from Tyre, Sidon, Jehu king of Israel (whom Shal-III erroneously calls a son of Omri). Shal-III plunders cities of Aram until 837. | 842 DHJ 424 841 IDB 2-538, PANE1 191, RAI2 246, Sdl 4-109, WPOT 145 |
| c.840 | URARTU, a relevant kingdom 860-609, Assyrian invasions cease until 831. Urartu begins rise. | 840 B76 18-1039, TAWH 16 |
| c.840 | ARAME ends. 1st known king of Urartu from 860. Son of Lutipris, SARDURI-I succeeds until 830. | 844 CAH 3.1, MRDK, bk, wikKU, wikU 843 LEWH 51, hystn, wikU 840 B76 VIII-901, 18-1039, MCAW 58, frN, lvA, rcT Sarduri succeeds 832 LEWH 51, RAI3 |
| SARDURID DYNASTY of Urartu begins until 590. |
|---|
| c.840 | City of VAN south of Lake Van founded by Sarduri-I. Rise in Urartian power begins. | 840 B76 18-1039, MCAW 58, TAWH 16, mxfld |
| c.840 | KILAMUWA becomes king of Samal until 830. | 840 CAH 3.1 |
| c.838 | ARAMEAN area in middle Euphrates annexed by Shalmanezer-III. | 838 B76 I-475 |
| c.838 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, again tries to conquer HAZAEL, but can't take Damascus. | 839 DHJ 194, LEWH 47 838 Jud 3-287, 5-1237, RAI2 246, RAI3 298, WPOT 145 837 IDB 2-538, ISBE 1-853, 2-635, MWΦ 17, RAI2, SOTS 165 |
| c.837 | SHALMANEZER-III, in Phoenicia, receives tribute from Byblos, Tyre, Sidon. Failing to conquer Damascus, he goes home and never bothers Aram again. | 837 MWΦ 17, RAI2, SOTS 165 |
| c.836 | MEDES ("Madai" in plain of Kurdistan) first mentioned in Assyrian records from an expedition of Shal-III, to whom they pay tribute. Media is divided into small principalities until 705 in central Zagros Mts. | 836 hifi 835 LEWH 53 834 MCAW 58 |
| c.836 | PARSU (Persians in mountains of Kurdistan) first mentioned in Assyrian records. They pay tribute to Shal-III. | 837 NLEM 309 836 WPOT 313 |
| c.834 | ARAME king of Arpad from 858 ends. Next known king 805. | 834 CAH 3.1 |
| c.831 | DAYAN-ASHUR, Assyrian general, sent by Shal-III against Urartu. | 831 ISBE 4-446 |
| c.831 | DAYAN-ASHUR, Assyrian general claims victory over king of Urartu (Sarduri-I?). | 831 MCAW 58 |
| c.830 | Son of Lutipris, SARDURI-I ends. King of Urartu from 840. Son ISHPUINI succeeds until 810. | 832 CAH 3.1 830 B76 VIII-901, 18-1039 828 MRDK, wikKU, wikU 825 RAI3, frN, lvA 820 LEWH 51, rcT, wikU |
| c.830 | KILAMUWA, king of Samal from 840, ends. | 830 CAH 3.1 |
| c.827 | ASHUR-NADIN-APLI, son of Shalmanezer-III, revolts with 27 cities including Ashur, Nineveh, Erbil, Arrapkha until 822. | 828 B76 11-983 827 ISBE 4-446, RAI2 249 |
| c.827 | SHAMSHI-ADAD, son of Shalmanezer-III, leads imperial army against bro Ashur-Nadin-Apli. War until 822. | 827 RAI2 249 |
| c.825 |  BLACK OBELISK of Shalmanezer-III: Contains what is thought to be the earliest known picture of a biblical figure: possibly "Jehu son Omri" (mIa-u-a mar mHu-um-ri-i), or Jehu's ambassador, kneeling at feet of Shalmaneser-III in 841. Discovered at Kalhu (later Nimrud) on west Tigris. |
photo Willis 825 wikLABA |
| c.824 | Son of Ashurnasirpal-II, SHALMANEZER-III ends. King of Assyria from 859. Son SHAMSHI-ADAD-V succeeds 823-11. | 825 DHJ 181, LEWH 47 824 B76 11-983, FLAP 171, HCC, IDB 1-272, ISBE 4-444, 446, MCAW 60, MRDK, MWΦ 16, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-80, SOTS 165, 177, WPOT 138, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 823 BI+N 47 |
| c.822 | ASHUR-NADIN-APLI, son of Shalmanezer-III, revolting against legitimate authority from 827, suppressed by SHAMSHI-ADAD-V king of Assyria 823-11 (having ignominiously asked aid from Babylon). | 827 RAI2 249 |
| c.820 | SHAMSHI-ADAD-V king of Assyria 823-11, invades PARSU (Persian) country. | 820 WPOT 313 |
| c.820 | SHAMSHI-ADAD-V king of Assyria 823-11, wars with Babylon until death 811. Extends boundaries east and south. | 820 CAH 3 |
| c.816 | ISHPUINI, king of Urartu 830-10, makes son MENUA co-king. | 816 CAH 3.1 |
| c.811 | SHAMSHI-ADAD-V, king of Assyria, offers sacrifices in city of Babylon. | 811 Sag1 102 |
| c.811 | Son of Shalmanezer-III, SHAMSHI-ADAD-V dies. King of Assyria from 824. Young son ADAD-NIRARI-III succeeds to 783. Mother SAMMU-RAMAT is regent until 805. | 811 B76 11-983, DHJ 195, FLAP 173, MCAW 60, MCAW 60, MNHK 112, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, SOTS 166, WPOT 138, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 810 HCC, Sdl 4-113 |
| c.810 | Son of Sarduri-I, ISHPUINI ends. King of Urartu from 830. Son MENUA sole rule until 785. | 810 B76 18-1039, CAH 3.1, MRDK, bk, frM, frN, lvA, rcT, wikKU, wikU 806 RAI3 800 LEWH 51, hystn, wikU |
| c.805 | SAMMU-RAMAT, regent for son ADAD-NIRARI-III, king of Assyria 811-783, dies. | 808 absA, lexA 806 B76 11-983, 18-1040, SOTS 196 805 hifi, kidA A-N-III yr 5 Sag1 103 omit: MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, frM |
| c.805 | USHPILUMI becomes king of Commagene until 773. | 805 CAH 3.1 |
| c.805 | ATARSHUMKI becomes king of Arpad until 796. | 805 CAH 3.1 |
| c.805 | ADAD-NIRARI-III king of Assyria 811-783 campaigns in Aram until 802. | 806 bk 805 Sdl 4-114, 134, WPOT 145 |
| c.800 | AL-MINA trading post founded at mouth of Orontes River by Eretrians and Chalcidians. | 800 OCD 412, OHG |
| c.800 |  ROTARY QUERN used in Aram. A cyllendrical stone with a hole in the middle, a wooden peg thru the hole. In some cases the grinding surfaces of the stones fit into each other, the upper stone being slightly concave and the lower one convex, so the grain flows out faster around the periphery. |
photo Janak Bhatta 800 TTT no date: wikQS |
| c.800 |  Sabaa Stele erected by one of Adad-Nirari's officers, Nergalerish. Inscribed with Assyrian cuneiform, records Adad-Nirari-III's Assyrian campaign in his 5th year to Pa-la-as-tu (Palestine). |
photo oncenawhile 800 wikLABA |
| c.800 |  Nimrud Slab : Now lost, but a copy survives. Inscribed with Akkadian cuneiform, Describes Adad-nirari III's early Assyrian conquests in Palastu, Tyre, Sidon, Edom and Humri (understood as the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)). |
photo {{PD-US}} 800 wikLABA, wikNS |
| c.798 | ADAD-NIRARI-III king of Assyria 811-783 campaigns in Orontes valley. | 796 WPOT 145 |
| c.796 | ATARSHUMKI king of Arpad from 805 ends. | 796 CAH 3.1 |
| c.796 | SHAMSHI-ILU becomes king of Bit-Adini until 752. | 796 CAH 3.1 |
| c.790 | NINURTA-APLA-??? ends. king of Babylon from 800. MARDUK-BEL-ZERI succeeds to 780. | 790 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, frM, stmaB |
| c.790 | ADAD-NIRARI-III king of Assyria 811-783 makes treaty with MARDUK-BEL-ZERI king of Babylon. Assyria is protector. | 790 MCAW 62 |
| c.785 | Son of Ishpuini, MENUA ends. King of Urartu from 810. Son ARGISHTI-I succeeds until 756. | 788 RAI3 787 RAI3 303 786 CAH 3.1 785 LEWH 51, MRDK, bk, frN, lvA, rcT, wikKU, wikU 781 B76 18-1039 780 B76 1-821, 11-983, ISBE 4-955, hystn 778 RAI2 |
| c.783 | Son of Shamshi-Adad V, ADAD-NIRARI-III dies. King of Assyria from 811. Son SHALMANEZER-IV succeeds to 772. | 783 B76 11-983, DHJ 195, FLAP 173, HCC, MCAW 62, MNHK 112, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-134, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 782 ISBE 4-446, MRDK, WPOT |
| c.782 | EREBUNI southwest of Lake Sevan founded by Argishti-I king of Urartu 785-56. | 782 wikU |
| c.783 | SHALMANEZER-IV, king of Assyria 783-22, campaigns in Urartu every year (except 777 & 775) until 774. | 783 ISBE 4-446 |
| c.781 | ASSYRIA politically paralized until 745. | 781 RAI2 751 |
| c.779 | ARGISHTI-I king of Urartu 785-56, operating around Zab and Lake Urmia, reports victories over Assyrians, continuing thru 778. | yr 6 & 7 B76 18-1040 |
| c.777 | ARGISHTI-I king of Urartu 785-56, subdues HILARUADA king of Melitene, captures parts of Taurus Mts. from TUATE king of Tabal. | 777 B76 18-1040 |
| c.773 | USHPILUMI king of Commagene from 775 ends. | 773 CAH 3.1 |
| c.773 | SHALMANEZER-IV king of Assyria 783-72, attacks BEN-HAADAD-II, king of Damascus. | 773 Sdl 4-143, SOTS 196, WPOT 146 |
| c.772 | Son of Adad-nirari-III, SHALMANEZER-IV ends. King of Assyria from 783. Son ASHUR-DAN-III succeeds to 755. | 773 B76 11-983, FLAP 173, HCC, absA, hifi, lexA 772 ISBE 4-446, MRDK, RAI3, frM, kidA 771 RAI2, Sag |
| c.765 | NINEVEH, under ASHUR-DAN-III, hit by plague. | 765 ISBE 2-1115 |
| c.765 | Assyrians invade Aram. | 765 Sdl 4-143 |
| 763 Jun 15 | SOLAR ECLIPSE recorded and identified in Assyrian eponym lists as year 10 of Ashurdan-III. "Bur-Sagale of Guzana, revolt in the city of Assur. In the month Simanu an eclipse of the sun took place" (See Qarqar 853) |
763 MCAW 63, MNHK 69, RAI2 37, RAI3 302, Sdl 4-143, TToH, doth, livBQ, mrec, nasaS, wiclips, wyhm |
| c.759 | NINEVEH, under ASHUR-DAN-III, hit by plague again. | 759 ISBE 2-1115 |
| c.756 | Son of Menua, ARGISHTI-I ends. king of Urartu from 785. Son SARDURI-II succeeds until 734. | 766 RAI3 303 764 CAH 3.1, mxfld 763 frN, lvA 760 ISBE 4-955, LEWH 51, MRDK, rcT, wikU 756 B76 1-821 18-1040, LEWH 51, bk 755 B76 VIII-901, hystn 753 wikKU, wikU 750 RAI2 |
| c.755 | KUSHTASHPI becomes king of Commagene until 740. | 746 CAH 3.1 |
| c.755 | Son of Shalmaneser-IV, ASHUR-DAN-III ends. King of Assyria from 772, ends. Son of Adad-Nirari-III, ASHUR-NIRARI-V, succeeds to 745. | 755 B76 11-983, FLAP 173, HCC, RAI3, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 754 MRDK, RAI2, Sag |
| c.755 | Assyrians invade Aram. | 755 Sdl 4-143 |
| c.754 | SARDURI-II king of Urartu 756-34, subdues HILARUADA king of Melitene. | 750s B76 18-1040 |
| c.754 | MATI-ILU becomes king of Arpad until 740. | 754 CAH 3.1 |
| c.754 | ASHUR NIRARI-V, king of Assyria 755-45, attacks and defeats Mati-ilu king of Arpad, forces vassal treaty on him. | 754 Jud 3-497 |
| c.753 | SARDURI-II king of Urartu 756-34, defeats ASHUR-NIRARI-V, king of Assyria 755-45 in upper basin of Tigris. | 753 B76 18-1040 Assyria won: Sdl 4-208 |
| c.753 | ASHUR-NIRARI-V, king of Assyria 755-45 besieges Tushpa capital of Urartu unsuccessfully. | 753 Sdl 4-208 |
| c.752 | SHAMSHI-ILU, king of Bit-Adini from 756, ends. | 752 CAH 3.1 |
| c.750 | MARI, under Babylon from 1200, comes under Assyria until 609. | 750 rcS |
| c.748 | NABU-SHUMA-ISHKUN king of Babylon from 761, ends. Pro-Assyrian NABU-NASIR succeeds to 734. | 748 RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 747 DGRG 1-356, MCAW 64, MNHK, RAI2, Sag no date: MRDK |
| c.745 | CALAH, under Assyria from ?, rebels. | 745 WPOT 160 |
| c.745 | Son of Adad-Nirari-III, ASHUR-NIRARI-V dies. King of Assyria from 755, murdered in palace revolt, with most of family. Son TIGLATH-PILESER-III succeeds to 727. | 746 B76 11-983, MCAW 64, RAI2, Sag1 104 745 FLAP 173, HCC, ISBE 4-849, MNHK 69, MRDK, RAH, RAI3, SHWC 35, SOTS 322, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.745 | AKKADIAN LANGUAGE fades out as ARAMAIC becomes official language for diplomatic intercourse between Assyrians and their subjects and tributaries. (See Aramaic 900, Aramaic 700) | 740s wikAL 8-700 BBP 40 |
| c.745 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, goes to Babylonia, helps NABU-NASIR king of Babylon 748-34 fight and defeat Arameans. | 746 B76 11-984 745 MNHK 121 |
| c.745 | BABYLON subdued by TIGLATH-PILESER-III. | 745 SOTS 207 |
| c.745 | KUSHTASHPI, king of Commagene 755-40, subdued by SARDURI-II, king of Urartu, and becomes his vassal until 740. | 745 B76 1-821, 18-1040 |
| c.744 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, begins series of campaigns in northwest until 738. | 745 IDB 1-118 744 MNHK 121 743 B76 11-984, SOTS 197, 300 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, attacks Arpad, which is helped by Urartu. | 743 Jud 3-497 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, begins series of campaigns in Aramean state of Arpad until 739. Besieges city of Arpad until 740. | 743 Jud 3-290, Sdl 4-194, MNHK 146, SOTS 207 |
| c.743 | SARDURI-II, king of Urartu 756-34, with allies including Aram, defeated in Arpad by Tiglath-Pileser-III. | 743 B76 1-821, 11-984, 18-1040, LEWH 47, MNHK 147, MWΦ 18, Sdl 4-194, SOTS 298 |
| c.743 | AZARIAH, king of Judah 767-40, plus allies, defeated at Arpad by Assyrians. | 743 SOTS 298, 322 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, enters Levant until 738. | 745 Sdl 4-169 743 SOTS 207 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, claims to receive tribute from PISIRIS king of Carchemish. | 743 MNHK 147 |
| c.743 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, claims to receive tribute from HIRAM king of Tyre. | 743 MNHK 147 |
| c.743 | TARKHULARA becomes king of Gurgum until 711. | 743 CAH 3.1 |
| c.742 | 30,000 Arameans from Hama region in north Aram deported to Zagros Mountains by TP-III. 18,000 Arameans from Tigris replace them. Northwest Aram annexed by Assyria, probably Phoenicia too. | 742 RAI2 254-5 |
| c.740 | ARPAD, main Aramean city in north Aram, under Urartian influence from ?, besieged by TIGLATH-PILESER-III from 743, taken. Inhabitants massacred. Under Assyria until ?. Made capital of an Assyrian province. Many principalities of Urartu also taken by Assyria. | 741 RAI2 740 B76 I-475, 1-821, 11-984, IDB 1-193, LEWH 47, MNHK 147, Sdl 4-197 |
| c.740 | BAR-SUR king of Samal from ?, executed by TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, who enthrones Bar-Sur's son PANAMMU-II until ?. | 740 Sdl 4-197 |
| c.740 | Kings of Commagene, Que, Gurgum, Carchemish, all under Urartian influence, submit to TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27. | 740 B76 1-822 |
| c.740 | KUMMUHU (Commagene), independent kingdom from ?, comes under Assyria until 708. | 708 B76 1-821 |
| c.740 | MATI-ILU king of Arpad from 754 ends. Arpad under Assyria until ?. | 740 CAH 3.1 |
| c.738 | PANAMMU-II king of SAMAL forms new coalition against TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, which is defeated. Everyone from Damascus to eastern Anatolia is forced to pay tribute. | 738 B76 11-984 |
| c.738 | Kings of Samal, Melitene, Kashka, Tabal come to terms with TIGLATH-PILEZER-III. | 738 B76 1-822 |
| c.738 | WASU-SRMAS becomes king of Tabal until 732 | 738 CAH 3.1 |
| c.738 | PISIRIS becomes Neo-Hittite king of Carchemish until 717. | 738 CAH 3.1 |
| c.738 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, in Aram & Levant from 743, returns north. | 738 MNHK 121 |
| c.737 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, fights in Urartu until 73?. Only partly successful. | 737 SOTS 164, 198 736 bk 735 B76 11-984 |
| c.735 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, besieges TUSHPA, capital of Urartu. Pacifies Urartu. | 735 B76 1-821, 18-1040, RAI2 256, Sdl 4-223 |
| c.734 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, returns to Mediterranean. | 734 RAI2 256 |
| c.734 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 invades Phoenician coast. | 734 Jud 13-215 |
| c.734 | Son of Argishti-I, SARDURI-II dies. King of Urartu from 756, killed possibly in palace revolt. Son RUSAS-I succeeds 733-14. | 743 ISBE 4-955 735 B76 VIII-722, 1-821, 18-1040, bk, mxfld, wikKU, wikU 734 B76 VIII-901, CAH 3.1, RAI2, Sag, frN, lvA 733 LEWH 51, RAI3 304, Sag1 113, rcT 730 MRDK |
| c.734 | NABU-NASIR dies. King of Babylon from 748. pro-Assyrian NABU-NADIN-ZER succeeds to 732. | 734 MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 730 hystn no date: MRDK |
| c.734 | NABU-MUKIN-ZER, Chaldean chief of Bit-Amukani tribe, rebels against pro-Assyrian king of Babylon NABU-NADIN-ZER. | 734 Sag1 109 |
| c.733 | ARAM again invaded by Assyrians. | 733 SOTS 298 |
| c.733 | WASU-SRMAS king of Tabal from 738, vassal of Assyria from 738, deposed by Assyrian overlords. KHULI succeeds until ?. | 732 B76 1-822, IDB 4-718 730 CAH 3.1 |
| c.733 | Nimrud Tablet K-3751 : Now lost, but a copy survives. Inscribed with Akkadian cuneiform, Describes Tiglath-Pileser III's (745-27) campaigns to the region, including the first known archeological reference to Judah (Yaudaya or KUR.ia-u-da-a-a). | 733 wikLABA |
| c.732 | NABU-NADIN-ZER ends. King of Babylon from 734, ends. NABU-SHUM-UKIN-II succeeds and ends. Chaldean usurper NABU-MUKIN-ZER succeeds to 729. | 732 MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB, MRDK 731 RAI2 257 |
| 8th DYNASTY from 979 ends. Assyrian rule begins until 620. |
|---|
| c.732 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III king of Assyria, attacks and defeats NABU-MUKIN-ZER king of Babylon and his allies. | 732 B76 11-984 |
| c.732 | KUSHTASHPI, king of Commagene from 755, under Assyria from 740, ends. MUWATTALLI succeeds until 708. | 732 CAH 3.1, rcT |
| c.732/1 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 claims to receive tribute from an Arabian queen, and lists SHEBA among tribes of northwest Arabia. | 732/1 IDB 4-311 |
| c.729 | NABU-MUKIN-ZER king of Babylon from 732, captured by Assyrians. TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, takes over until 727. (1st Assyrian to rule Babylon since 1227). Kings of Assyria are now also called king of Babylon. | 730 RAI2 729 B76 11-984, MRDK, RAI2 257, Sag, brKB, hifi, wikB 728 MCAW 64 727 MNHK 721 frM, stmaB no date: RAI3 |
| c.728 |  Assyrian relief from Nimrud. |
photo Ealdgyth 728 wikScl |
| c.728 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA Chaldean sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe, submits to TIGLATH-PILESER-III. | 728 MCAW 64 |
| c.727 | Son of Adad-Nirari-V, TIGLATH-PILESER-III dies. King of Assyria from 745, king of Babylon from 729. Son SHALMANEZER-V succeeds to 722. | 727 B76 11-984, CAH 3.1, 3.2, FLAP 173, HCC, ISBE 4-446, 849, MCAW 67, MNHK 125, MRDK, RAH, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-191, SHWC 35, SOTS 166, 199, WPOT 138, 161, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 726 BI+N 65 |
| c.722 | Son of T-P-III, SHALMANEZER-V ends. King of Assyria and Babylon from 727, dethroned by coup headed by Sargon (probably a bro) who as SARGON-II succeeds as king of Assyria until 705, continuing the policies of his father. | 722 B76 IX-107, 11-984, BCoC 165, CAH 3.1, 3.2, FLAP 174, HCC, ISBE 4-446, Jud 14-880, MNHK 125, RAH 100, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 1-414, SOTS 322, WPOT, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 721 B76 16-248, SHWC 35 |
| c.721 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria and Babylon 721-05, marches to Levant. | 721 implied |
| c.721 | SYRO-PHILISTINE COALITION defeated at Qarqar by SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05. | 721 Sag1 112, DOTT 62 |
| c.721 | SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05, sets up a deportation detachment in Samaria. Sargon-II then marches on Philistia. | 721 Sag1 112, DOTT 62 |
| c.721 | Marduk-Apal-Iddina, Chaldean sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe, unites Chaldean and Aramean tribes behind him, allies with Elam, siezes Babylon. MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II becomes king of Babylon until 710 (while Sargon-II claims the same title). | 722 B76 VI-809, ISBE 3-325, Jud 11-1389, MRDK, RAI2, Sag, hifi 721 B76 11-984, GHH, IDB 3-355, ISBE 1-630, MNHK, RAI2 265-6, RAI3, Sag, WPOT 188, frM, stmaB, wikB 720 Sdl 4-243, bk 710 MCAW 66 |
| c.721 | SARGON-II king of Assyria 722-05, in Philistia, learns that MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA (Merodach Baladan) has taken Babylon, hurries north. | 721 Sag1 112 |
| c.721 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria and Babylon 721-05, marches against MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II east of Tigris, defeated by Elamite army at Der, returns to Assyria. Leaves Babylon alone until 710. | 721 B76 11-984, ISBE 4-339, LEWH 52, Sag 720 Jud 14-880, RAI2 258 |
| c.720 | Elamites attack Assyria. | 720 B76 VI-809 |
| c.720 | Arpad joins rebellion of Hamath against Assyria. | 720 Jud 3-497 |
| c.720 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria and Babylon 721-05, returns to Aram. | 720 BHoE 550 |
| c.718 | PISIRIS, Neo-Hittite king of CARCHEMISH 738-17, vassal of Assyria, allied with Mita king of Mushku, rebels until 717. | 718 Sag1 117 |
| c.717 | PISIRIS Neo-Hittite king of Carchemish from 738. defeated by Sargon-II in battle. Becomes tributary. | 717 B76 11-984, CAH 3.1, IDB 3-357, ISBE 3-328, RAI2 260 |
| c.717 | CARCHEMISH, vassal state of Assyria from 849, annexed by Assyria. Becomes Assyrian province until 609. | 717 B76 II-556, 18-1040, IDB 3-357, Jud 5-161, MCAW 64, Sdl 4-250, WBANE 323, mxfld |
| c.716 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria and Babylon 721-05, enters Que province (Cilicia) to counter encroachments by Mushku. | 716 B76 11-984 |
| c.716 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria and Babylon 721-05, attacks MITA king of Mushku because of Mita's encroachment on Que province (Cilicia). | 717 B76 18-1040, IDB 3-357 716 Sag1 117 |
| c.715 | DEIOCES (Diaukku) chieftain in Media 728-675, captured by SARGON-II, deported to Assyria, subsequently exiled to Hamath. | 715 ISBE 3-778, WPOT 314 |
| c.715 | Zagros Mountain captives deported to Assyria by Sargon-II. | 714 B76 9-832 |
| c.715 | CIMMERIANS from Asia raid Urartu. | pre-714 B76 18-1040 714 wikU |
| c.714 | RUSAS-I, king of Urartu from 733-14, attacks (or is attacked by) CIMMERIANS. Disastrously defeated, loses communication with commanders, flees back to Tushpa. | 720 lvA 714 B76 II-938, 18-1040, ISBE 4-955, lvA, rcT |
| c.714 | SENNACHERIB, son of Sargon-II, on recon mission in Urartu, learns of defeat of Rusas-I, returns to Assyria and reports it to his father. | 714 B76 18-1040 |
| c.714 | CIMMERIANS loot Urartu as far south as Lake Urmia. | 720 lvA |
| c.714 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, major offensive against Urartu. Goes to province of Zamua, thence north to land of his vassal Ullusunu the Manaean, marches east against Zikirtu and Urartu, sacks and destroys chief Urartian cities. Defeats RUSAS-I and allies at Lake Urima, decides not to besiege Rusas in Tushpa, plunders Ardini (main religious center), takes statue of Haldi. No further trouble from Urartu. | 714 B76 11-984, 16-249, 18-1040, MCAW 64, RAI2 259, Sag1 113-114, SHT 1-246, WPOT 162, bk, lvA, wikU |
| c.714 | Son of Argishti-I, RUSAS-I dies. King of Urartu from 733, flees from Tushpa to mountains, dies of illness. Son ARGISHTI-II succeeds 713-685. URARTU, a relvant kingdom from 860 goes dormant until conquered by Scythians in 609. Power vacuum allows influx of Scythians and Cimmerians. |
714 CAH 3.1, LEWH 51, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag1 113, frN, hystn, lvA, wikKU, wikU 713 B76 VIII-722, 18-1040 708 mxfld |
| c.713 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, conquers region of Ecbatana, receives tribute from Medes. | 713 RAI2 259, RAI3 312 |
 Sargon's palace at Dur-Sharrukin AH v1 p181 |
| c.713 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05 begins building new capital at the confluence of the Tigris and the Greater Zab rivers north of Calah called DUR-SHARRUKIN. | 717 wikDS 713 IDB 4-224 |
| c.713 | AMBARIS, king of Tabal, vassal of Assyria, after shifting alliance to Mita king of Mushku 738-696, stripped of power by Sargon-II. TABAL annexed by Sargon-II. | 713 B76 1-822, CAH 3.1, IDB 3-357 |
| c.711 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, sends his tartan to besiege Ashdod. | 711 SOTS 210 |
| c.711 | TARKHULARA, king of Gurgum from 743, ends. MUTALLU succeeds until ?. | 711 CAH 3.1 |
| c.710 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, victorious everywhere, controls all Palestine except Judah. In Mesopotamia he controls everything up to and including most of Zagros Mountains. | 710 IDB 3-355, ISBE 2-51, Jud 11-1390, RAI2 261 |
| c.710 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II ends. King of Babylon from 722, defeated by SARGON-II of Assyria, who takes over as king until 705. M-A-I-II flees eastward, maintains position as sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe. |
711 RAI2, Sag 710 B76 11-984, Jud 14-880, MNHK, MRDK, RAI3, Sdl 4-243, WPOT 162, 188, brKB, stmaB, wikB 709 LEWH 52, Sdl 4-253, frM 703 hifi |
| c.710 | 
Sargon-II's PRISM A: Akkadian cuneiform, and kept in library of Ashurbanipal, describes Sargon's campaigns to Palastu, Judah, Edom, and Moab. |
drawing: Hugo Winkler 710 wikLABA, wikSPA |
| c.710 | CAPITAL of Assyria: CALAH from 879, moved slightly north to DUR-SHARRUKIN until 704. It is hardly ever inhabited. | 710 PW 15 707 IDB 4-224 |
| c.709 | NEO-HITTITES, from 1000, end. All former Hittite and Aramean states are now in Assyrian Empire. | 709 B76 17-942, MCAW 66 |
| c.708 | MELITENE annexed by Sargon-II. Part of Assyria until 609. | 709 B76 17-942 708 B76 1-822 642 rcT |
| c.708 | MUWATTALLI, king of Kummuhu from 732, ends. KUMMUHU (Commagene), kingdom and capital Samosata under Assyria from 740, annexed as a province by Sargon II, under Assyria until 609. | 708 B76 1-822, CAH 3.1, rcT, wikCmg |
| c.707 | CIMMERIANS in Urartu from 715, receive new wave from between Black & Caspian Seas, defeat ARGISHTI-II, proceed south. | 707 Sag1 116, Sag2 110 |
| c.707 | CIMMERIANS turn west into Assyrian province of Que. | 707 Sag1 116, Sag2 110 |
| c.705 | MEDIA, divided into small principalities from 836 (at least 834), conquered by SARGON-II, under Assyria until 700. | 705 LEWH 53 |
| c.705 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, marches to Tabal to counter Cimmerian incursion. Scythians & Cimmerians retreat west. | 706 RAI2 262, Sag1 117 705 B76 II-938, 1-822, HCC, MRDK, RAI3, Sag2 111, WPOT, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.705 | SARGON-II dies. King of Assyria from 722, king of Babylon from 710, in Anatolia, killed in battle with Cimmerians at Tabal. Son SENNACHERIB succeeds as king of Assyria to 681, as king of Babylon to 703. | 705 B76 1-822, BCoC 165, BI+N 70, FLAP 174, HCC, IDB 1-272, 2-732, ISBE 1-630, ISBE 4-338, 394, Jud 14-880, LEWH 48, MCAW 66, MNHK 125, MRDK, RAH 100, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 1-414, 1161, SHWC 35, SOTS 166, 210, WPOT 162, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.705 | COTTON introduced to Assyria by Sennacherib. (See Scandinavia 1000) | 705 MCAW 65 |
| c.704 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, sends troops into Que and Hilakku Provinces to quell local rebellions. | 704/3 B76 1-822 |
| c.704 | CAPITAL of Assyria: DUR-SHARRUKIN from 710, moved by Sennacherib to his newly rebuilt NINEVEH until 612. | 705 PW 15 704 MCAW 65 701 B76 11-985 |
| c.703 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, defeats Elamites at Cutha (northeast of Babylon), takes Cutha by storm, breaks up Chaldean allies at Kish, controls north Babylonia. | 703 RAI3 321, Sag1 119, Sag2 112 |
| c.702 | CYAXARES king of Media, attacks an Assyrian province. | 702 SOTS 314 |
| c.702 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II ends. King of Babylon from 703, defeated by Sennacherib at Kish, flees eastward into swamps. Sennacherib retakes Babylon, keeps south Babylonia under Assyrian control, but installs native Babylonian BEL-IBNI in north Babylonia to 700. | 703 RAI2 266, brKB, wikB 702 B76 11-985, Jud 14-1161, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag1 119, Sag2 112, Sdl 4-258, SOTS 212, frM, hifi, stmaB omit: RAI3 |
| c.702 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, campaigns against Elamite vassals in Zagros Mts. | 702 B76 11-985, 16-542 |
| c.701 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, marches west into Aram. | 701 FLAP 176, ISBE 4-394, RAI3 320, Sdl 4-258 |
| c.701 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, invades Levant until 700. | 701 B76 11-985, DOTT 64, HCC, IDB 2-599, 3-794, ISBE 2-886, 4-501, Jud 13-403, 14-1161, MCAW 66, Sag1 119, htc Hezekiah yr 14 2K 18:13 no date: 2Ch 32:1 |
| It is disputed whether Sennacherib invaded once in 701, or also in 688/7. | ISBE 4-396 |
| c.700 | SAMAL, vassal of Assyria from 738, annexed by Assyria. Part of Assyria until 539. | 700 rcT |
| c.700 | BOATS: A relief at Nineveh shows a boat with a horse head towing timber. | 700 LS 11, 31 |
| c.700 | 
A relief at Nineveh shows men swimming across the Tigris on inflated animal skins. |
photo: Osama Shukir 700 LS 11, 31 |
| c.700 | Water TUNNELS to subterranean aquifers built in Assyria. | 700 TTT |
| c.700 | PULLEY used in Assyria for lifting water. | 1500 mach 700 TTT |
| c.700 | DEIOCES, becomes native chieftain of Medes to 647. | 728 B76 III-438 708 RAH 111 700 LEWH 53 |
| c.700 | MEDIA, under Assyria from 705, independent until 550. | 700 guess |
| c.700 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II, sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe, when Assyrian troops leave, conspires with Chaldeans, Arameans, Elamites, usurps control of south Babylonia until later in 700. | 700 RAI2 266, RAI3 321 |
| c.700 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, overlord of Babylon, in Levant from 701, returns to Assyria, then goes to Babylonia. | 700 Sag1 120, Sag2 113 |
| c.700 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II, king of Babylon 700, deposed by Sennacherib, never heard of again. | 700 Sag1 120, Sag2 113 |
| c.700 | BEL-IBNI ends. King of north Babylonia from 702, relieved by Sennacherib, who installs his son ASHUR-NADIN-SHUMI to succeed until 694. | 700 MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag1 120, Sag2 113, Sdl 4-258, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB omit: RAI3 |
| c.698 | A man named Ahikar is mentioned as a high official in Assyrian documents. He has a scribe named Nadinu. This forms the base of a story. | 698 Sdl 5-170 |
| c.696 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylon 705-681, sends troops into Que and Hilakku Provinces to quell local rebellions. | 696 B76 1-822 |
| c.694 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylonia 705-681, decides to attack Chaldeans by rivers and Elam by the sea, has Arameans build ships at Nineveh. | 694 RAI3 321, Sag2 113 no date: Sag1 120 |
 BIREME of Sennacherib. |
photo GNU FDL 700-692 wikAW |
| c.694 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylon 705-681, sea attack on ELAM. Secures beach head, raids and destroys Elamite cities, captures remnant of Bit-Yakin tribe. | 695 RAI2 266 694 Sag2 113 no date: Sag1 120 |
| c.694 | Son of Sennacherib, ASHUR-NADIN-SHUMI ends. King of Babylon from 700, captured at Sipar by HALLUSHU-INSHUSHINAK-II king of Elam 699-93, who installs native Babylonian NERGAL-USHEZIB to succeed until 693. | 694 LEWH 52, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB omit: frM |
| c.693 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylonia 705-681, returns from south Babylonia, defeats Elamites and NERGAL-USHEZIB at Nipur. | 693 Sag1 120 |
| c.693 | NERGAL-USHEZIB ends. King of Babylon from 694, displaced by another native Babylonian with Aramean support, MUSHEZIB-MARDUK who succeeds to 689. | 693 MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB omit: RAI3, frM |
| c.692 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylon 705-681, attacks ELAM from Der province. Climatic conditions prevent him from penetrating Elam. | late 693 Sag2 114 692 B76 9-831, Sag1 121 |
| c.690 | 1st recorded Λ AQUEDUCT V built by Sennacherib to bring water from a tributary of Greater Zab River to Nineveh 50 miles away. | 700 TTPC, TTT 691 SHT 1-531 7-600 wikAq |
| c. 690 | 
Taylor Prism 6-sided baked clay document written in Akkadian cuneiform, found in Nineveh records 1st 8 campaigns of Sennacherib: "As to Hezekiah, the Jew, he did not submit to my yoke. I laid siege to 46 of his strong cities, walled forts and to the countless small villages in their vicinity, and conquered (them) by means of well-stamped (earth-) ramps, and battering-rams brought (thus) near (to the walls) (combined with) the attack by foot soldiers, (using) mines, breeches as well as sapper work. I drove out (of them) 200,150 people, young and old, male and female, horses, mules, donkeys, camels, big and small cattle beyond counting, and considered (them) booty. Himself I made a prisoner in Jerusalem, his royal residence, like a bird in a cage."Does not mention the siege of Lachish. |
photo dcastor 691 brtms 691 or 89 wikSA 690 wikLABA 689 rclmnd |
| c.690 |  Jerusalem Prism (so called only because it is now in Jerusalem) of Sennacherib written in Akkadian cuneiform. Hexagonal, made of red baked clay, 38.0cm high by 14.0cm wide. Nearly identical in content to Taylor Prism. No one appears to know where it was found. |
photo Hanay 690 wikSnA |
| c.689 | MUSHEZIB-MARDUK, king of Babylon from 693, rebels against Assyrian governor, defeated by local Assyrian authority, flees to Elam. HUMBAN-NIMENA-III, king of Elam, and Mushezib-Marduk return with army to province of Arrapkha. | 689 RAI2, Sag, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB |
| c.689 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, in Arabia from 691, returns to deal with rebellion in Babylon. | 689 ISBE 2-887 |
| c.689 | MUSHEZIB-MARDUK, besieged in Babylon by Sennacherib 9 months, succumbs to famine and disease, surrenders. SENNACHERIB becomes king of Babylon, takes title: "king of Sumer and Akkad". | 689 B76 11-986, MCAW 68, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag1 121, Sag2 114, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB |
| c.689 | MUSHEZIB-MARDUK ends. King of Babylon from 693, defeated by Sennacherib at Halule on Diyala River. Son of Sennacherib, ESARHADDON, is viceroy of Babylon until 681. Mushezib-Marduk flees to Babylon. | 691 LEWH 52 689 MRDK, RAI2, Sag, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB omit: RAI3, frM |
| c.689 | BABYLON plundered and destroyed by Sennacherib. Temple of Marduk destroyed. Water of Arakhtu canal diverted over ruins. Inner city remains nearly uninhabited 8 years. Statue of Marduk taken to Assyria. | 693 TTPC 689 B76 III-954, 2-555, 11-986, Sag1 121, Sag2 114, mxfld |
| c.685 | Son of Rusas-I, ARGISHTI-II ends. King of Urartu from 714. Son RUSAS-II succeeds to 675. | 685 B76 VIII-722, 18-1040, ISBE 4-955, LEWH 51, MRDK, Sag, frN, lvA, mxfld, wikU 680 CAH 3.1, hystn, rcT, wikKU |
| c.681 | Son of Sargon-II, SENNACHERIB dies. King of Assyria, overlord of Babylon from 705, murdered in Babylon by sons Adramelech & Sharezer. Son, and legitimate nominee, Esarhaddon, currently in Nineveh, musters army, attacks and defeats the parricides near Nisibis, ESARHADDON succeeds as king of Assyria and Babylon to 669. | 682 LEWH 48 681 B76 1-820, 11-986, BCoC 165, BI+N 74, CAH 3.1, DOTT 70, FLAP 176, HCC, IDB 4-270, ISBE 4-394, Jud 14-1161, MCAW 68, MNHK, 125, MRDK, RAH 101, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 1-415, SHWC 35, SOTS 166, 216, WPOT, absA, brKB, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA, wikB 680 DHJ 273 |
| c.681 | ADRAMELECH & SHAREZER, murderers of Senacherib, flee to Urartu. | 681 Sag1 123 |
| c.680 | Unnamed CHIEF of BIT-YAKIN tribe, a son of Marduk-Apla-Idina, rebels, blockades the Assyrian governor in Babylon, tries to take Ur, but when Esarhaddon attacks, the chief flees to Elam, where the king decides he is a liability, and executes him. His brother submits to Esarhaddon, and is made vassal over the Sea Lands. | 681 Sag1 124 680 RAI2 270, RAI3 326 |
| c.680 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69, begins rebuilding BABYLON for his Babylonian wife, not without local opposition. Completed 678. | 680 MCAW 68 11 yrs after destruction: RAI3 325, Sag1 125 |
| c.680 | ASHUR-AKH-IDDIN appointed governor of Babylon by Esarhaddon until 668. | 680 MNHK |
| c.679 | Chaldean Chief of the Dakkuri tribe makes encroachments on Borsippa & Babylon. Esarhaddon attacks, defeats, and replaces him with a more compliant vassal. | 679 Sag1 124 678 B76 III-954 |
| c.679/8 | ESARHADDON leaves Mesopotamia for Assyria. | guess |
| c.676 | 3 Median chiefs, pressed by Cimmerians and Scythians, asks for Assyrian aid. | 676 ISBE 3-297 |
| c.676 | ESARHADDON campaigns in Arabia. | 676 DOTT 73, Jud 6-853, MCAW 68 |
| c.675 | ESARHADDON invades Aram. | 675 B76 III-954, Jud 6-852 |
| c.675 | RUSAS-II ends. King of Urartu from 685. Son ERIMENAS succeeds to 670. | 675 hystn, rcT, wikKU 645 B76 VIII-722, frN, lvA 640 CAH 3.1 |
| c.674 | Eldest son of Esarhaddon, SINNADIN-APLI is appointed crown prince, but dies in 672. | 674 wikEs |
| c.673 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69, plans to invade Egypt, enters Levant, gets as far as Askalon, defeated by Kushite Pharaoh Taharqa, returns to Nineveh. | 673 wikEs |
| c.673 | SHUPRIA, Assyrian province southwest of Lake Van, threatened by Cimmerians. | 673 Sag1 124 |
| 672 Feb | Esharra-hammat, wife of Esarhaddon, dies. This, plus the death of a son, gets him depressed. | 672 wikEs |
| c.672 | Main rulers of MEDIA become vassals to Assyria. | 672 ISBE 3-297, Jud 6-852 |
| c.672 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylonia 681-69, with approval of the gods and assent of the family council, proclaims sons crown princes: older son SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN of Babylonia & younger son ASHURBANIPAL of Assyria. | 672 B76 III-954, 2-144, 11-986, RAI3 329, Sag1 126, wikEs |
| c.671 | 2 LUNAR ECLIPSES: July 2 and Dec 27, interpreted by astrologers as disaster for the king. ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylonia 681-69, installs a son of a minor official as substitute king for 100 days to take the hit. The substitute dies, undoubtedly with assistance, and is buried like a real king, his wife following him to the grave. | 671 Sdl 4-298 |
| c.671 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylonia 681-69, again plans to invade Egypt, enters Aram. In Mediterranean area until 670. | 671 RAI3 328 |
| c.670 | ERIMENAS ends. King of Urartu from 675. Son RUSAS-III succeeds to 645. | 675 hystn, rcT, wikKU 629 frN, lvA |
| c.670 | ESARHADDON has some kind of problem with his nobility in Assyria, because an inscription says he executed many of them in his 11th year. | 670 Sag2 119 |
| c.670 |  Basalt Stele of Esarhaddon from the outer gate of Zincirli (Samal), celebrates his victory over Pharaoh Taharka in 671, shows Esarhaddon holding in his left hand a mace club and a rope tied to 2 prisoners. His right hand addresses the gods. |
photo
Haldu 670 wikVSE no date: ISBE 2-128, wikSA |
| c.669 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylonia 681-69, again sets out for Egypt with army, but gets sick. | 669 Sag1 127, Sag2 119 |
| c.669 Dec. | Son of Sennacherib, ESARHADDON dies. King of Assyria and Babylonia from 681, dies of illnes at Haran enroute to Egypt. Son ASHURBANIPAL succeeds without oppossition as king of Assyria to 631, postpones Egyptian campaign, returns to Assyria. | 669 B76 III-954, 2-144, 11-986, BI+N 74, CAH 3.1, 3.2, DMoN 184, FLAP 179, GEoP 346, HCC, IDB 2-124, ISBE 2-128, MCAW 68, MRDK, RAH, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 1-415, SHWC 35, SOTS 216, WPOT 265, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 668 BCoC 165, DHJ 273, BHoE 556 |
| c.668 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, (and now in Assyria) makes treaty with GYGES king of Lydia 716-648. | 668 IDB 3-191 |
| c.668 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, (and now in Assyria) makes treaty with TYRE (having been unable to take it). | 668 MCAW 68, DBANE 239 |
| c.667 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, remains in Nineveh, sends army to reconquer Egypt. | 667 GEoP 346, Sag1, Sag2 120 no date: RAI3 330 |
| c.667 | IAKINLU king of Arvad subdued by Assyria. | 667 RAI3 331 |
| c.660 | ASHURBANIPAL, king of Assyria, reestablishes Assyrian sovereignty over MANNA. | 660 ISBE 3-298 660/59 B76 18-1040 |
| c.656 | SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN, king of Babylon 668-48, makes secret alliance with Chaldeans, Psamtik-I, Elam, Phoenicians, Philistines, Judah, & others, rebels against overlord Ashurbanipal. | 656 B76 11-987 |
| c.655 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, invades Elam, takes capitals Madaktu & Susa. | 655 Sag1 131, Sag2 |
| c.654 | RUSAS-II king of Urartu 685-45, sends embassy to Ashurbanipal, indicating that he still claims equal status. | 654 or after: B76 18-1040 |
| c.653 | MEDES attack Nineveh unsuccesfully. | 653 MCAW 70 |
| c.652 | SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN king of Babylon 668-48, allied with Chaldeans, Psamtik-I, Elam, Phoenicians, Philistines, Judah, & others, rebels against overlord Ashurbanipal until 648. Attacks Babylonian cities held by Assyrian governors. | 652 B76 11-987, IDB 1-112, ISBE 1-321, RAI3 333, Sag1 132, Sdl 4-302, SOTS 167, 216 651 RAI2 276 |
| c.652 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, is now fully occupied in Babylonia, and cannot deal with external rebellions until 648. | 652 WPOT 166 |
| c.652 | Elamite army invades north Babylonia while Shamash-shum-ukin attacks cities held by Assyrian garrisons. Ashurbanipal defeats Elamites. | 653 B76 11-987 652 Sag1 132 |
| c.651 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, expels Chaldean opposition from south Babylonia, besieges Borsippa and Babylon. | no date: B76 11-987, Sag1 132 |
| c.650 | Assyrians defeat a coalition at Babsame on the Tigris. | 650 MCAW 72 |
| c.650 | Arab attempt to break Ashurbanipal's siege of Babylon fails. | 650 Sag1 132, |
| by 650 | Almost the whole civilized Near East is under one man - the king of Assyria. | by 650 SHWC 35 |
| c.650 | MEDES begin pressing Assyria and Urartu. | 650 B76 18-1040 |
| c.648 | BABYLON, besieged by Ashurbanipal from ?, and reduced to cannibalism, falls. Looted and burnt. | 648 B76 2-555, 11-987, MCAW 72, Sag1 132, SOTS 167 |
| c.648 | Son of Esarhaddon, SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN dies. King of Babylon from 668, burns to death in palace. ASHURBANIPAL succeeds for a year. | 649 MRDK, hifi 648 B76 2-145, 11-986, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-302, SOTS 167, brKB, frM, stmaB, wikB |
| c.648 | ASHURBANIPAL marches to Susa, intervenes in royal succession of Elam but achieves no permanent settlement. | 648 Sag1 133 |
| c.647 | DEIOCES, native chieftain of Medes from 700, ends. Son PHRAORTES succeeds to 625. | 675 B76 III-438 655 RAH 111 647 LEWH 53 |
| c.647 | KANDALANU appointed viceroy of Babylon by Ashurbanipal until 627. | 647 MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag1 133 |
| c.645 | Assyrian campaign in Arabia. | 645 rri |
| c.645 | RUSAS-II ends. King of Urartu from 670. Son SARDURI-III succeeds to 635. | 650 LEWH 51 645 B76 18-1040, ISBE 4-955, MRDK, frN, hystn, lvA, mxfld, rcT, wikU 644 B76 VIII-901, 18-1040 639 wikKU, wikS3 |
| c.644 | SARDURI-III, king of Urartu 645-35, sends embassy to ASHURBANIPAL acknowledging him as sovereign. | 644 B76 18-1040 |
| c.642 | ASSYRIAN ARMY marches thru all of ELAM until 639. | 642 Sag1 133 639 MCAW 72 |
| c.639 | The series of Assyrian campaigns into Elam from 692 ends. The final campaign from 642 is victorious and ends. | 639 B76 9-831, RAI3 334, Sag1 133 |
| c.639 | Ashurbanipal's Annals end here, a detailed, almost novelistic accounts of his military and civic achievements. He leaves no more history until his death. | 640 B76 11-987 639 IDB 1-257, ISBE 1-321, RAI2 310, RAI3 372, Sag1 134, WPOT 166 |
| c.63? | LIBRARY at NINEVEH built by Ashurbanipal. Contains @30,000 tablets, including scientific achievements, medical treatises, multiplication tablets, lists of plants, hymns, prayers, incantations, omens, astronomy/astrology, Sumerian Grammars. Significant tablets: Azekah Inscription, Esarhaddon's Treaty with Baal of Tyre, Nimrud Tablet K.3751, Sargon-II's Prism A, Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, GILGAMISH EPIC, Enuma Elish . | no date: MCAW 69, wikLA |
| c.63? |  Sumerian STAR MAP found at library of Ashurbanipal. Matches the sky above Mesopotamia in 3300 BC and proves it to be of ancient Sumerian origin. |
drawing {{PD-US}} 650 pntr m2egl |
| c.635 | Son of Rusas-II, SARDURI-III ends. King of Urartu from 645. ERIMENA succeeds to 620. | 640 B76 VIII-901, 18-1040 635 frN, lvA, wikKU, wikU Rusas-3 succeeds 625 LEWH 51, MRDK Irgias succeeds 620 hystn, rcT 610 CAH 3.1 |
| c.632 | ASSYRIA: civil war between sons of Ashurbanipal, ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI and SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN. Ashurbanipal withdraws to Haran. | after 635 B76 11-987 |
| c.632 | ASSYRIA begins decline. | 636-27 ENBD 1303 |
| c.631 | Son of Esarhaddon, ASHURBANIPAL ends. King of Assyria from 669, ends, but doesn't die until 627. Son ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI is chosen heir, but has to fight his bro SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN until 627. | 633 FLAP 180, HCC 632 DOTT 631 RAI2, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 630 BI+N 74, RAI3 373, SOTS 167, 219, Sdl 4-299 |
| c.630 | Chaldean NABOPOLASSAR appointed governor of Babylon by Assyrians. | 630 MCAW 72 |
| c.627 | Son of Esarhaddon, ASHURBANIPAL dies. Former king of Assyria 669-31. | 631 MCAW 72 629 WPOT 166 627 B76 11-986, CAH 3.1, 3.2, RAI3, WPOT, absA, hifi 626 BCoC 165, DHJ 276, ISBE 1-321, MRDK, RAH, Sag, Sdl 1-405, SHWC 35, TTPC |
| c.627 | Son of Ashurbanipal, ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI ends. King of Assyria from 631. Bro SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN succeeds to 612. | 629 HCC, frM, kidA 627 absA, hifi, lexA 623 Sag 621 MRDK |
| c.627 | KANDALANU dies. King of Babylon from 648. Son of Ashurbanipal, SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN succeeds to 620. | 630 MCAW 72 627 CAH 3.1, 3.2, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sdl 4-311, SOTS 231, bk, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 626 MNHK, Sag |
| c.626 | SIN-SHUMU-LISHIR in Babylon becomes rival for throne of Assyria until 621. | 626 CAH 3.1, MRDK, absA, hifi, lexA no date: RAI3 omit: Sag, frM, kidA |
| c.626 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, clears last Assyrian garrisons from Babylonia south of Sippar. | by 617 Sag1 137 |
| c.625 | PHRAORTES dies. Native chieftain of Medes from 647, killed besieging Nineveh. Son CYAXARES succeeds to 585. | 634 DGRBM 1-908 633 RAH 112 625 B76 III-318, LEWH 53 |
| c.625 | CYAXARES, king of Medes 625-585, gathers available forces, renews siege of Nineveh. | 634 DGRBM 1-908 |
| c.625 | CYAXARES, king of Medes 625-585, leaves Nineveh, attacks Scythians, and is defeated, and becomes subject to Scythians. | 634 DGRBM 1-908 |
| c.625 | MADYES the Scythian leaves. King of Medes from 625, goes south with his father to invade Levant. Son of Phraortes, CYAXARES-II succeeds to 585. | 640 mxfld 625 B76 III-318, 9-832, 11-988, GRG 329, HCC, MRDK, abasP, hifi, irch, KoP, taP, wapP |
| c.625 | SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN fights NABOPOLASSAR until 623. | 625 B76 11-988 |
| c.623 | ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI, son of Ashurbanipal, claimant to throne of Assyria, killed in battle at Nippur, leaving SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN supreme. | 623 RAI3 374 |
| c.623 | NIPPUR, under Assyria from ?, taken by Nabopolassar. | 622 SOTS 231 |
| 621 Apr 22 | Lunar ECLIPSE in 5th year of Nabopolassar. | 621 Apr 22 doth |
| c.620 | ERIMENA ends. King of Urartu from 635. Son MENUAS-II succeeds to 590... Or Rusas-III succeeds to 615. |
629 frN, lvA, wikKU 625 LEWH 51 620 wikU 605 MRDK 600 hystn |
| c.620 | SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN ends. King of Assyria 627-12, king of Babylon from 627, flees from Babylon to Nineveh. | 626 RAI3 374 620 brKB, hifi, wikB omit: RAI2, Sag, frM, stmaB |
| ASSYRIAN RULE of Babylon ends. Began 732. | ||
| NABOPOLASSAR is king of Babylon to 605. |
| c.617 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, marches north of Tigris into Aramean lands of Suhu and Hindanu, subdues Arameans, defeats Assyrians. Counterattacked by Assyrian & Egyptian force. Withdraws to Babylon. | 617 Sag1 137 |
| c.616 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, counterattacks Assyrian & Egyptian force south of lower Zab River, forces them to withdraw, now controls all Sumer & Akkad. | 616 BI+N 82, RAI3 374, Sag1 137, SOTS 231 |
| c.616 | MANNA conquered and annexed by MEDIA. | 616 hifi, irch |
| c.616 | MEDES invade Assyrian territory, expelled by Assyrians with Scythian help. | 616 Sdl 4-312 |
| c.616 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, marches one army up Euphrates to Haran, and another up Tigris to Arraphka, which is besieged unsuccessfully. | 616 RAI2 312, RAI3 374, Sdl 4-313 |
| c.616 | NABOPOLASSAR / CYAXARES-II alliance. | 616 CMoG3 214 |
| c.615 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, attacks religious capital Ashur, defeated by Assyrians, flees to Takrit. SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN, king of Assyria 627-12 suspects invasion by Medes, doesn't pursue Nabopolassar, assumes defensive posture, seeks alliance with Egypt. | 615 Sag1 137-8, Sdl 4-314 no date: RAI3 375 |
| c.615 late | CYAXARES-II king of Medes 625-585 takes Assyrian border city ARAPHA to establish a base of operations. | 615 B76 9-833, 11-988, MCAW 74, RAI3 375, Sag1 138, Sdl 4-314, irch |
| c.615 late | CYAXARES-II invades Assyria. | 616 B76 11-988 615 B76 9-833 615/4 RAI3 375 614 Sag1 138 |
| c.614 | CYAXARES-II king of Medes 625-585 besieges NINEVEH, but fails to capture, takes Tarbisu, takes and destroys ASHUR. | 616 B76 11-988, bk 614 B76 III-318, 9-833, 11-988, BI+N 82, IDB 2-997, ISBE 1-631, RAI2 313, RAI3 375, Sag1 138, Sdl 4-314, SOTS 219, 233, irch |
| c.614 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, leads army to Ashur, but arrives too late to participate in battle or plunder, makes treaty with CYAXARES-II king of Medes. | 614 RAI3 375, Sag1 138 614/3 Sdl 4-314 |
| c.614 | Assyrians march down Euphrates to attack Nabopolassar. SUHU tribes north of Tigris now rebel against Nabopolassar. Assyrian/Egyptian coalition forces Nabopolassar to abandon siege of Anah and return to Babylon. | 614 RAI2 313, Sag1 138 |
| c.614 | Anti-Assyrian ALLIANCE: CYAXARES-II & NABOPOLASSAR. | 614 B76 11-988, MCAW 74, RAI3 376 613 B76 9-833, Sag1 138 |
| c.613 | Median siege of NINEVEH lifted, possibly because of Scythian attack on Medes. | 613 FLAP 184 |
| c.613 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, campaigns unsuccessfully along Euphrates, besieges Anatu. | 613 RAI3 376, Sdl 4-314 |
| c.612 | SCYTHIANS persuaded by Medes to join coalition against Assyria. | 612 MCAW 74 |
| c.612 | CALAH, former capital of Assyria, taken by coalition. | 612 B76 11-988 |
| c.612 | Siege of NINEVEH resumed, this time with Medes, Scythians, and Babylonians combined. Part of Assyrian defenses are washed away by flooding Tigris. | 612 B76 9-833, BI+N 82, FLAP 184, MCAW 74, RAI3 376, Sag1 139, Sdl 4-315 |
| c.612 | After 3 month siege, NINEVEH, capital of Assyria from 704, falls to coalition. | 612 B76 9-833, 17, 946, BI+N 82, CAH 3.2, FLAP 183, ISBE 1-631, 3-540, Jud 12-1170, MCAW 74, RAH, RAI2 313, Sag1 139, Sdl 4-315, SHWC 36, SOTS 167, 218, WBH 20 |
| NEO-ASSYRIAN Period ends. Began 912. |
Syria-Urartu 612-501
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